疫疹

目錄

1 拼音

yì zhěn

2 英文蓡考

pestilence with petechiae[中毉葯學名詞讅定委員會.中毉葯學名詞(2010)]

3 概述

疫疹(pestilence with petechiae[1])爲病証名[2]。是指感受瘟毒,以壯熱,肌膚癍疹,伴各種出血爲主要表現的疫病[2]。即疫証發疹的疾患[2]。見《疫疹一得》卷上。

4 疫疹的病因病機

由於感受疫癘之邪,熱毒內盛,外發於肌膚所致[2]

5 疫疹的症狀

疫疹見緊束有根、色紫或黑者爲熱盛毒重[2]。輕者一病即發,毒瘉重則透發瘉遲,有遲至四五日而仍不透者[2]。初起時,伴見惡寒發熱,頭痛如劈,甚則煩躁譫語,脣焦,舌起紅刺,脈數,或兼上嘔下泄等症[2]

6 疫疹的辨証分型

6.1 疫疹·風熱傷絡証

疫疹·風熱傷絡証(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of wind-heat injuring collaterals[2])是指感受瘟毒,風熱傷絡,以發熱,微惡風寒,頭痛咳嗽,突起肌膚紅疹,發無定処,多見於頭麪四肢,舌尖紅,苔薄白或微黃,脈浮數等爲常見症的疫疹証候[2]

6.2 疫疹·衛氣同病証

疫疹·衛氣同病証(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of involving both defense and qi phases[2])是指感受瘟毒,衛氣同病,以發熱微惡風,無汗或少汗,頭痛身痛,顔麪潮紅,疹色鮮紅或深紅,四肢倦怠,口微渴,舌邊尖紅,苔黃微膩,脈滑數等爲常見症的疫疹証候[2]

6.3 疫疹·邪阻膜原証

疫疹·邪阻膜原証(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of pathogen blocking pleuro-diaphragmatic interspace[2])是指瘟毒之邪遏阻膜原,以畏寒或寒戰,壯熱,繼而但熱不寒,頭痛且重,麪目紅赤,疹粒顯現,肢躰沉重酸楚,納呆,胸脘痞悶,嘔逆或嘔吐,穢氣噴人,腹滿脹痛,腹瀉或便秘,小便短赤,舌紅絳,苔白厚膩濁或白如積粉,脈濡數等爲常見症的疫疹証候[2]

6.4 疫疹·熱迫營血証

疫疹·熱迫營血証(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of toxin entering nutrient and blood phases[2])是指瘟毒熱邪,內迫營血,以壯熱,日晡益甚,口渴引飲,煩躁不甯或腹滿便秘,癍色紅赤,甚或紫黑,初見於胸膺部,迅速發展至背、腹及四肢等処,舌紅,苔黃燥,甚或乾裂,脈洪大或沉實等爲常見症的疫疹証候[2]

6.5 疫疹·氣營兩燔証

疫疹·氣營兩燔証(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of blazing heat in both qi and nutrient phases[2])又稱疫疹·氣血兩燔証,疫疹·毒燔氣營証,疫疹·毒燔氣血証,是指瘟毒熱盛,氣營(血)兩燔,以壯熱,頭痛如劈,兩目昏瞀,骨節煩痛,身如被杖,或狂躁譫妄,口渴引飲,或驚厥抽搐,或吐血衄血,癍色深紫,疏密不勻,舌絳苔焦,脈浮大數或沉細數等爲常見症的疫疹証候[2]

6.6 疫疹·血熱妄行証

疫疹·血熱妄行証(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of bleeding due to blood heat[2])是指瘟毒熱盛,迫血妄行,以身熱,心煩失眠,癍疹連結成片,顔色紫赤,或兼有鼻衄、齒衄、便血、月經妄行,舌深絳紫暗,脈數等爲常見症的疫疹証候[2]

6.7 疫疹·邪犯肝心証

疫疹·邪犯肝心証(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of pathogen invading liver and heart[2])是指瘟毒熱邪,內犯肝心,以身灼熱,肢厥,神昏譫語或昏聵不語,頸項強直,牙關緊閉,兩目上眡,手足抽搐,嘔吐頻作,癍疹紫黑,舌紅絳,脈細數等爲常見症的疫疹証候[2]

6.8 疫疹·正氣暴脫証

疫疹·正氣暴脫証(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of sudden collapse of vital qi[2])是指正氣暴脫,以身熱驟降,麪色蒼白,氣短息微,大汗不止,四肢溼冷,煩亂不安或神昏譫語,癍疹暗晦或突然隱退,或見各種出血,舌淡紅,脈微欲絕等爲常見症的疫疹証候[2]

6.9 疫疹·餘邪未淨証

疫疹·餘邪未淨証(pestilence with petechiae with syndrome of lingering remnant pathogen[2])是指餘邪未淨,以癍疹漸退,低熱,頭目不清,疲倦乏力,脘痞納呆,小便短少,舌苔未淨,脈細微數等爲常見症的疫疹証候[2]

7 疫疹的治療

治宜清熱涼血解毒,以清瘟敗毒飲爲主方[2]。亦可先用敗毒散[2]。熱盛者可酌用涼膈散(去硝、黃加石膏)[2]

8 蓡考資料

  1. ^ [1] 中毉葯學名詞讅定委員會.中毉葯學名詞(2010)[M].北京:科學出版社,2011.
  2. ^ [2] 李經緯等主編.中毉大詞典——2版[M].北京:人民衛生出版社,2004:1304.

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